Pazaka ziwiri zapitazi, nkhaniyi yamveka kulikonse kuchokera ku Massachusetts mpaka Fox News.Mnansi wanga amakana ngakhale kulipiritsa Toyota RAV4 Prime Hybrid yake chifukwa cha zomwe amatcha mitengo yamagetsi yopundula.Mtsutso waukulu ndikuti mitengo yamagetsi ndi yokwera kwambiri kotero kuti imachotsa phindu la kulipiritsa pa kulipiritsa.Izi zimafika pamtima chifukwa chake anthu ambiri amagula magalimoto amagetsi: Malinga ndi Pew Research Center, 70 peresenti ya ogula EV adanena kuti "kupulumutsa pa gasi" chinali chimodzi mwa zifukwa zawo zazikulu.
Yankho si lophweka monga likuwonekera.Kungowerengera mtengo wa petulo ndi magetsi ndikosokeretsa.Mitengo imasiyanasiyana kutengera charger (ndi dziko).Zolipiritsa za aliyense ndizosiyana.Misonkho yamsewu, kubweza ndalama komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino batri zonse zimakhudza kuwerengera komaliza.Kotero ndinapempha ofufuza ku nonpartisan Energy Innovation, ndondomeko yoganizira za ndondomeko yomwe imagwira ntchito kuti iwononge makampani opanga mphamvu, kuti andithandize kudziwa mtengo weniweni wa kupopera m'mayiko onse a 50, pogwiritsa ntchito ma datasets ochokera ku mabungwe a federal, AAA ndi ena.Mutha kudziwa zambiri za zida zawo zothandiza apa.Ndidagwiritsa ntchito izi kutenga maulendo awiri ongoyerekeza kudutsa United States kuti ndiweruze ngati malo opangira mafuta atha kukhala okwera mtengo m'chilimwe cha 2023.
Ngati muli 4 mwa 10 aku America, mukuganiza zogula galimoto yamagetsi.Ngati muli ngati ine, mudzayenera kulipira ndalama zambiri.
Galimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi imagulitsidwa $4,600 kuposa galimoto yamagetsi, koma ndi akaunti zambiri, ndidzasunga ndalama pakapita nthawi.Magalimoto amafunikira kutsika mtengo wamafuta ndi kukonza—kuyerekeza kusungitsa ndalama zokwana madola mazana ambiri pachaka.Ndipo izi sizimaganizira zolimbikitsa za boma komanso kukana maulendo opita kumalo opangira mafuta.Koma n'zovuta kudziwa chiwerengero chenichenicho.Mtengo wapakati wa galoni wa petulo ndi wosavuta kuwerengera.Mitengo yosinthidwa ndi inflation yasintha pang'ono kuyambira 2010, malinga ndi Federal Reserve.Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pa ma kilowatt-maola (kWh) amagetsi.Komabe, ndalama zolipiritsa ndizochepa kwambiri.
Malipiro amagetsi amasiyana osati ndi boma, komanso nthawi ya tsiku komanso ngakhale potuluka.Eni ake a magalimoto amagetsi amatha kuwalipiritsa kunyumba kapena kuntchito, ndiyeno amalipira ndalama zowonjezera kuti azilipira mofulumira pamsewu.Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyerekeza mtengo wodzazanso galimoto yamagetsi yotchedwa Ford F-150 (galimoto yogulitsidwa kwambiri ku United States kuyambira m'ma 1980) ndi batri ya maola 98 ya makilowati m'galimoto yamagetsi.Izi zimafuna malingaliro okhazikika okhudza malo, momwe amapangira, komanso momwe mphamvu mu batire ndi thanki imasinthidwa kukhala osiyanasiyana.Kuwerengera koteroko kumafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakalasi osiyanasiyana amagalimoto monga magalimoto, ma SUV ndi magalimoto.
Palibe zodabwitsa kuti palibe amene amachita izi.Koma timasunga nthawi yanu.Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa momwe mungasungire komanso, nthawi zina, kuchuluka komwe simungathe.Chotsatira chake nchiyani?M'maboma onse 50, ndizotsika mtengo kwa anthu aku America kugwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi tsiku lililonse, ndipo m'madera ena, monga Pacific Northwest, komwe mitengo yamagetsi ndi yotsika komanso mitengo ya gasi ndi yokwera mtengo, ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri.Ku Washington state, komwe galoni ya gasi imawononga pafupifupi $4.98, kudzaza F-150 yokhala ndi ma 483 miles kumawononga pafupifupi $115.Poyerekeza, kulipiritsa mphezi yamagetsi ya F-150 (kapena Rivian R1T) pa mtunda womwewo kumawononga pafupifupi $34, kupulumutsa kwa $80.Izi zikuganiza kuti madalaivala amalipiritsa kunyumba 80% ya nthawiyo, malinga ndi Dipatimenti ya Mphamvu, komanso malingaliro ena a methodological kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi.
Nanga bwanji kunyada kwina?Kum'mwera chakum'mawa, komwe mitengo ya gasi ndi magetsi imakhala yotsika, ndalamazo ndizochepa koma ndizofunikira.Mwachitsanzo, ku Mississippi mtengo wa gasi pagalimoto yanthawi zonse ndi pafupifupi $30 kuposa wagalimoto yamagetsi.Kwa ma SUV ndi ma sedan ang'onoang'ono, owoneka bwino, magalimoto amagetsi amatha kupulumutsa $ 20 mpaka $ 25 pa mpope pa mtunda womwewo.
Munthu wamba wa ku America amayendetsa makilomita 14,000 pachaka ndipo amatha kusunga pafupifupi $700 pachaka pogula SUV yamagetsi kapena sedan, kapena $1,000 pachaka pogula galimoto yonyamula, malinga ndi Energy Innovation.Koma kuyendetsa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chinthu chimodzi.Kuti ndiyese chitsanzo ichi, ndidachita zowunikira izi paulendo wachiwiri wachilimwe kudutsa United States.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma charger omwe mungapeze pamsewu.Chojambulira cha Level 2 chimatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi 30 mph.Mitengo yamabizinesi ambiri, monga mahotela ndi malo ogulitsira zakudya omwe akuyembekeza kukopa makasitomala, imachokera pafupifupi masenti 20 pa kilowati-ola mpaka yaulere (Energy Innovation ikuwonetsa kupitirira masenti 10 pa kilowatt-ola pazoyerekeza pansipa).
Ma charger othamanga omwe amadziwika kuti Level 3, omwe amathamanga pafupifupi nthawi 20, amatha kulipiritsa batire ya EV mpaka 80% m'mphindi 20 zokha.Koma nthawi zambiri amawononga masenti 30 mpaka 48 pa kilowatt paola—mtengo umene ndinaupeza pambuyo pake unali wofanana ndi mtengo wa petulo m’malo ena.
Kuyesa momwe izi zidagwirira ntchito, ndidayenda ulendo wongoyerekeza wamakilomita 408 kuchokera ku San Francisco kupita ku Disneyland ku South Los Angeles.Paulendowu, ndinasankha F-150 ndi magetsi ake, Mphezi, zomwe zili mbali ya mndandanda wotchuka womwe unagulitsa mayunitsi 653,957 chaka chatha.Pali mikangano yamphamvu yanyengo yotsutsana ndi kupanga mitundu yamagetsi yamagalimoto aku America ogubuduza gasi, koma kuyerekezera uku kukuyenera kuwonetsa zomwe aku America amakonda.
Wopambana, ngwazi?Pafupifupi palibe magalimoto amagetsi.Popeza kugwiritsa ntchito chojambulira mwachangu ndikokwera mtengo, nthawi zambiri kuwirikiza katatu kapena kanayi kuposa kulipiritsa kunyumba, ndalamazo zimakhala zochepa.Ndinafika ku paki mu Mphezi ndi $ 14 zambiri m'thumba mwanga kuposa momwe ndinaliri m'galimoto ya gasi.Ndikadaganiza zokhala nthawi yayitali kuhotelo kapena malo odyera pogwiritsa ntchito charger ya Level 2, ndikadasunga $57.Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono: Tesla Model Y crossover inapulumutsa $ 18 ndi $ 44 paulendo wa makilomita 408 pogwiritsa ntchito Level 3 ndi Level 2 charger, motsatana, poyerekeza ndi kudzaza gasi.
Pankhani yotulutsa mpweya, magalimoto amagetsi ali patsogolo kwambiri.Magalimoto amagetsi amatulutsa mpweya wochepera pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mpweya uliwonse pa kilomita imodzi ya magalimoto amafuta ndipo akukhala oyera chaka chilichonse.Kusakaniza kwa magetsi ku US kumatulutsa pafupifupi mapaundi a kaboni paola lililonse la kilowati yamagetsi opangidwa, malinga ndi US Energy Information Administration.Pofika chaka cha 2035, White House ikufuna kubweretsa chiwerengerochi pafupi ndi ziro.Izi zikutanthauza kuti F-150 wamba imatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kasanu kuposa mphezi.Tesla Model Y imatulutsa mapaundi 63 a mpweya wowonjezera kutentha uku ikuyendetsa, poyerekeza ndi mapaundi opitilira 300 pamagalimoto onse wamba.
Komabe, kuyesa kwenikweni kunali ulendo wochokera ku Detroit kupita ku Miami.Kuyendetsa ku Midwest kuchokera ku Motor City simaloto agalimoto yamagetsi.Derali lili ndi chiwongola dzanja chotsika kwambiri cha umwini wamagalimoto amagetsi ku United States.Palibe ma charger ambiri.Mafuta amafuta ndi otsika.Magetsi ndi akuda kwambiri.Kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino, ndinaganiza zofanizira Toyota Camry ndi Chevrolet Bolt yamagetsi, magalimoto onse amphamvu omwe amatseka kusiyana kwa mtengo wamafuta.Kuti ndiwonetse mtengo wadziko lililonse, ndinayeza mtunda wa makilomita 1,401 m'madera onse asanu ndi limodzi, pamodzi ndi ndalama zawo za magetsi ndi mpweya.
Ndikadadzaza kunyumba kapena pamalo otsika mtengo opangira mafuta a Gulu la 2 panjira (mwinamwake), Bolt EV ikanakhala yotsika mtengo kudzaza: $ 41 motsutsana ndi $ 142 ya Camry.Koma kuthamangitsa mwachangu kumawongolera masikelo omwe amathandizira Camry.Pogwiritsa ntchito charger ya Level 3, ndalama zogulira magetsi paulendo woyendera batire ndi $169, zomwe ndi $27 kuposa paulendo woyendera gasi.Komabe, zikafika pakutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, Bolt ili patsogolo, ndi mpweya wosalunjika womwe umangowerengera 20 peresenti ya kalasi.
Ndikudabwa chifukwa chake omwe amatsutsa chuma cha galimoto yamagetsi amafika pamalingaliro osiyana?Kuti ndichite izi, ndinalumikizana ndi Patrick Anderson, yemwe kampani yake yaulangizi yochokera ku Michigan imagwira ntchito chaka chilichonse ndi makampani opanga magalimoto kuti athe kuyerekeza mtengo wa magalimoto amagetsi.Zikudziwika mosalekeza kuti magalimoto ambiri amagetsi ndi okwera mtengo kuti awonjezere mafuta.
Anderson anandiuza kuti akatswiri azachuma ambiri amanyalanyaza ndalama zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizidwa powerengera mtengo wolipiritsa: msonkho wa boma pamagalimoto amagetsi omwe amalowa m'malo mwa msonkho wa gasi, mtengo wa charger yanyumba, kutayika kwapaulendo polipira (pafupifupi 10 peresenti), ndi nthawi zina zimakwera mtengo.malo okwerera mafuta a anthu onse ali kutali.Malingana ndi iye, ndalamazo ndizochepa, koma zenizeni.Onse pamodzi anathandiza pa chitukuko cha magalimoto petulo.
Akuti kumawononga ndalama zochepa kudzaza galimoto yamafuta apakati-pafupifupi $11 pa 100 mailosi, poyerekeza ndi $13 mpaka $16 pagalimoto yofananira yamagetsi.Kupatulapo ndi magalimoto apamwamba, chifukwa amakonda kukhala osagwira ntchito bwino komanso amawotcha mafuta apamwamba."Magalimoto amagetsi amapanga nzeru zambiri kwa ogula apakati," adatero Anderson."Apa ndipamene tikuwona malonda apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo sizodabwitsa."
Koma otsutsa amati kuyerekezera kwa Anderson kumawonjezera kapena kunyalanyaza malingaliro ofunikira: Kuwunika kwa kampani yake kumawonjezera mphamvu ya batri, kutanthauza kuti eni magalimoto amagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito malo opangira anthu okwera mtengo pafupifupi 40% ya nthawiyo (Dipatimenti ya Zamagetsi ikuyerekeza kuti kutayika kuli pafupifupi 20%).malo olipiritsa anthu aulere munjira ya "misonkho ya katundu, maphunziro, mitengo ya ogula, kapena zolemetsa kwa osunga ndalama" ndikunyalanyaza zolimbikitsa za boma ndi mafakitale.
Anderson adayankha kuti sanatenge ndalama za 40% za boma, koma adayimilira zochitika ziwiri zowonongeka, poganiza kuti "makamaka pakhomo" komanso "makamaka malonda" (omwe amaphatikizapo ndalama zamalonda mu 75% ya milandu).Anatetezanso mitengo ya "zaulere" zamalonda zoperekedwa kwa ma municipalities, mayunivesite ndi mabizinesi chifukwa "ntchitozi si zaulere, koma ziyenera kulipiridwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito mwanjira ina, mosasamala kanthu kuti zikuphatikizidwa mumisonkho ya katundu , maphunziro. malipiro kapena ayi.mitengo ya ogula” kapena kulemedwa ndi osunga ndalama.“
Pamapeto pake, sitingagwirizane konse za mtengo wowonjezera mafuta pagalimoto yamagetsi.Mwina zilibe kanthu.Kwa madalaivala atsiku ndi tsiku ku United States, kupaka galimoto yamagetsi kumakhala kotchipa kale nthawi zambiri, ndipo akuyembekezeka kukhala otsika mtengo kwambiri chifukwa mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso zikuchulukirachulukira ndipo magalimoto amakhala achangu.,Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, mndandanda wamitengo ya magalimoto ena amagetsi akuyembekezeka kukhala wotsika kuposa magalimoto ofananira ndi mafuta, ndipo kuyerekezera kwa mtengo wonse wa umwini (kukonza, mafuta ndi ndalama zina pa moyo wa galimotoyo) zikusonyeza kuti magalimoto amagetsi ali kale. zotsika mtengo.
Pambuyo pake, ndidamva ngati pali nambala ina yomwe ikusowa: mtengo wamagulu a carbon.Uku ndi kuyerekezera kowopsa kwa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa chowonjezera toni ina ya kaboni mumlengalenga, kuphatikiza kufa kwa kutentha, kusefukira kwa madzi, moto wamtchire, kulephera kwa mbewu ndi kutayika kwina kokhudzana ndi kutentha kwa dziko.
Ofufuza amayerekezera kuti galoni iliyonse ya gasi wachilengedwe imatulutsa mpweya woipa wokwana mapaundi 20 m’mlengalenga, wofanana ndi masenti 50 a kuwonongeka kwa nyengo pa galoni iliyonse.Poganizira zinthu zakunja monga kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, ngozi ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, Resources for the Future akuti mu 2007 mtengo wa zowonongeka unali pafupifupi $3 pa galoni.
Inde, simuyenera kulipira ndalamazi.Magalimoto amagetsi okha sangathetse vutoli.Kuti tikwaniritse izi, tikufunika mizinda yambiri ndi madera komwe mungayendere anzanu kapena kugula zakudya popanda galimoto.Koma magalimoto amagetsi ndi ofunikira kuti kutentha kusakwere pansi pa 2 digiri Celsius.Njira ina ndi mtengo womwe simungawunyalanyaze.
Mtengo wamafuta amagalimoto amagetsi ndi mafuta adawerengedwa m'magulu atatu agalimoto: magalimoto, ma SUV ndi magalimoto.Mitundu yonse yamagalimoto ndi mitundu yoyambira ya 2023.Malinga ndi data ya Federal Highway Administration ya 2019, ma mile apakati omwe amayendetsedwa ndi madalaivala pachaka akuti ndi ma 14,263 miles.Pamagalimoto onse, mitundu, ma mileage, ndi zomwe zimaperekedwa zimatengedwa kuchokera patsamba la Fueleconomy.gov la Environmental Protection Agency.Mitengo ya gasi wachilengedwe idakhazikitsidwa pa Julayi 2023 data kuchokera ku AAA.Kwa magalimoto amagetsi, chiwerengero cha ma kilowatt-maola ofunikira kuti chiwonongeko chonse chimawerengedwa potengera kukula kwa batri.Malo opangira ma charger adatengera kafukufuku wa dipatimenti ya Mphamvu zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti 80% yolipira imachitika kunyumba.Kuyambira mu 2022, mitengo yamagetsi yakunyumba imaperekedwa ndi US Energy Information Administration.20% yotsalira ya kulipiritsa kumachitika pamalo opangira anthu ambiri, ndipo mtengo wamagetsi umachokera pamtengo wamagetsi wofalitsidwa ndi Electrify America m'boma lililonse.
Ziwerengerozi sizikuphatikiza zongoganizira za mtengo wonse wa umwini, ndalama zamisonkho za EV, zolipiritsa zolembetsa, kapena ndalama zoyendetsera ndi kukonza.Sitiyembekezeranso mitengo iliyonse yokhudzana ndi ma EV, kuchotsera kwa ma EV kapena kulipiritsa kwaulere, kapena mitengo yotengera nthawi yama EV.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-04-2024